Journal
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Inf Syst Front (2013) 15:695–704
DOI 10.1007/s10796-013-9454-5
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Title
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Green
Information Systems & Technologies - This Generation and Beyond:
Introduction to the Special Issue
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Year
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2013
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Research Method
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Much of the academic work
schools of business and management ofIS, especially in the most influential
journals in this field, focus greatly on a social sciences and theory based
approach to addressing issues.The question remains on whether GreenIS and ITshould
also be only focused on traditional IS research paper paradigm of social
science research.GreenIS and ITresearch, to be effective in the short and
long-term, will need to break the mold to stimulate solution-based research.
In our observation, the
problem is that we needresearch that can take giant steps to solve global
warming, climate change, and other pervasive environmental issues.It is not
clear where and when these papers will occur.Incremental, baby steps can then
fill in the gaps created by the giant steps.Unfortunately, forIS and ITresearch,
and maybe academic work (serious, robust, theoretical) in general, it is very
difficult to take these giant steps.
IS research may have ‘missed
the boat’ when it decided to become a social science rather than a solution
science and settled on incremental influence.A clarion call is needed for
solutions to solve this critical and ‘wicked’ problem of human influences on
natural systems. Given the crises that are being faced, a practical question
for our IS and IT community is whether theory can come after we focus on solving
the problem, assuming we can.
In our field’s brief
history, much of the early work in IT (first) and IS (second) on
environmental issues was in the technology driven area of study, for example
with IEEE and itssymposia in the 1990s.Engineers and industry practitioners
mostly drove this research.The core IS academic journals, until recently,
have not focused on environmental sustainability.Can we join with industry
researchers and practitioners to be able to focus on solutions?How do we
convince ourselves, and even this journal, and this special issue that
solution sciences are what is needed?Is theory and academic publication
enough, working with engineers and applied IS researchers, and practitioners
is needed. The lead time for academia and academic journals may be too long
to influence practice, especially when a problem such as globally warming
needs urgent attention.
There is a question on
whether IS academics and researchers care enough and need to be missionary in
our push to get IS scholars and the IS community involved in solving the most
important problem of our time.A basic question is whether academic
researchers should be cold and critical, or caring, compassionate and driven
to find solutions.This concern is not only true for our discipline, but all
academic disciplines.
We are unsure if what we
provide here are giant steps or baby steps.Whether the work is traditional or
solutions based.We will leave that up to the reader.The papers did undergo
significant and rigorous review, as any journal would require.If the reader
finds an article that can influence their organization, family member,
friends, or community to rethink their behavior or adopt a certain practice,
then share this information.If this research sparks the reader’s interest, become
involved, do your own research, develop insights and spread the message, it
is too important not to be heard by our research community and its stakeholde
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Pokok Bahasan
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Not only is there an issue
of how IS can help organizational and cross-organizational practices, but the
environmental implications of hardware, software,and databasesand their
infrastructure and operations can be quite extensive. IT itself may cause
substantial negative ecological footprints and need to be managed accordingly.For
example a greater need for energy and materials may be required. While an
average desktop personal computer and monitor requires ten times its weight
in water, fossil fuels, and chemicals as material and resource inputs (e.g.,
implementing virtualization servers, improvement in cooling systems,
recycling of hardware, e-wasting management, green procurement policy for software
and hardware) (Sayeed and Gill, 2008). Large quantities of energy, materials,
and chemicals are consumed during the production phase, not all of which will
be contained in the final products.
Environmental software to
support green IS and IT management range from auditing and managing emissions
to analyzing energy and minimizing waste. More recent aspects of software
systems include the utilization of Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA),which goes
beyond the organizational boundaries.Design for environment (DfE) databases
also plays a role, which may integrate supplier and vendor data and
processes. The management of hardware, software and its usage is critical to
organizational greening.Many additional examples exist concerning the roles
and influence of Green IS and IT, some of these are now discussed as issues
and research that might be completed in this area.They are not meant to be
exhaustive and represent some of what we, the special issue guest editors,
feel are important and emergent issues in GreenIS and ITissues.
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Summary
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This paper is the guest editorial for the
special issue on Green Information Systems and Technologies. In this paper environmental
sustainability issues relevant to industry, communities, and individuals are
initially presented.Some background information on green IS and green IT and
the latest practices are introduced to provide the reader with a more
complete picture of the complexities involved in greening and sustainability
activities.A portion of the editorial is devoted to the concern that the
focus and debate on IS as a social science and not a solution science may
actually dampen immediate and significant progress.Papers in the special
issue are then overviewed and integrated.
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Suggestion
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This paper focuses on the development and
application of formal quantitative model approach and focus on the many intangible and less direct benefits associated with green IS and IT investments. Using the theory of ecological modernization as a key driver for argument |
emmisari
Senin, 30 Maret 2015
International Accounting
Rabu, 24 Desember 2014
Perbandingan Kode Etik Akuntan dan Kode Etik Kedokteran Pada Masa Akhir
PERBANDINGAN KODE ETIK AKUNTAN dan
KODE ETIK KEDOKTERAN
No
|
Aspek
|
AKUNTAN
|
KEDOKTERAN
|
1
|
Profesi
|
Akuntan
Publik
|
Dokter
|
2
|
Naungan
Instansi/Perkumpulan
|
Ikatan
Akuntan Indonesia ( IAI)
|
Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI)
|
3
|
Anggota
|
Semua
Anggota IAI-KAP
|
Semua Anggota IDI
|
4
|
Peraturan
|
|
Surat
Keputusan Pengurus Besar Ikatan Dokter Indonesia
NO. 221 /PB/A.4/04/2002 Tentang Penerapan Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia |
5
|
Isi
dari Kode Etik
|
a.
Prinsip Etika
b.
Aturan Etika
c.
Interpretasi Aturan Etika
|
a.
Kewajiban Umum
b.
Kewajiban Kepada Pasien
c.
Kewajiban Kepada Diri Sendiri dan Teman Sejawat
|
6
|
Prinsip
– Prinsip Kode Etik
|
a. Independece
b. Integritas
c. Objektivitas
d. Tanggung
jawab
|
a.
Beneficience
b.
Non Maleficence
c.
Autonomy
d.
Justice
|
7
|
Prinsip
Integritas
|
a. Integritas
dapat menerima kesalahan yang tidak disengaja dan perbedaan pendapat yang
jujur, tetapi tidak dapat menerima kecurangan atau ketiadaan prinsip
b. Kepercayaan
public merupakan patokan bagi anggota dalam menguji semua keputusan yang
diambilnya
|
a.
Setiap dokter harus senantiasa
berhati-hati dalam mengumumkan dan menerapkan setiap penemuan teknik atau
pengobatan baru yang belum diuji kebenarannya dan hal-hal yang dapat
menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat
b.
Dalam melakukan pekerjaan
kedokterannya, seorang dokter tidak boleh dipengaruhi oleh sesuatu yang mengakibatkan
hilangnya kebebasan dan kemandirian profesi
|
Surat Keputusan Pengurus Besar
Ikatan Dokter Indonesia
NO. 221 /PB/A.4/04/2002
Tentang
Penerapan Kode Etik Kedokteran
Indonesia
KEWAJIBAN
UMUM
Pasal 1
Setiap dokter harus menjunjung tinggi,
menghayati dan mengamalkan Sumpah Dokter.
Pasal 2
Seorang dokter harus senantiasa berupaya
melaksanakan profesinya sesuai dengan standard profesi yang tertinggi.
Pasal 3
Dalam melakukan pekerjaan kedokterannya,
seorang dokter tidak boleh dipengaruhi oleh sesuatu
yang mengakibatkan hilangnya kebebasan
dan kemandirian profesi.
Pasal 4
Setiap dokter harus menghindarkan diri
dari perbuatan yang bersifat memuji diri.
Pasal 5
Tiap perbuatan atau nasehat yang mungkin
melemahkan daya tahan psikis maupun fisik hanya diberikan untuk kepentingan dan
kebaikan pasien, setelah memperoleh persetujuan pasien.
Pasal 6
Setiap dokter harus senantiasa berhati
hati dalam mengumumkan dan menerapkan setiap penemuan tehnik atau pengobatan
baru yang belum diuji kebenarannya dan hal hal yang dapat menimbulkan keresahan
masyarakat.
Pasal 7
Seorang dokter hanya memberi surat
keterangan dan pendapat yang telah diperiksa sendiri kebenarannya..
Pasal 7a
Seorang dokter harus, dalam
setiappraktek medisnya, memberikan pelayanan medis yang kompeten dengan
kebebasan teknis dan moral sepenuhnya, disertai rasa kasih sayang ( compassion
) dan penghormatan atas martabat manusia.
Pasal 7b
Seorang dokter harus bersikap jujur
dalam berhubungan dengan pasien dansejawatnya, dan berupaya untuk mengingatkan
sejawatnya yang dia ketahui memiliki kekurangan dalam karakter atau kompetensi,
atau yang melakukan penipuan atau penggelapan, dalam menangani pasien.
Pasal 7c
Seorang dokter harus menghormati hak hak
pasien, hak hak sejawatnya, dan hak tenaga kesehatan lainnya, dan harus menjaga
kepercayaan pasien.
Pasal 7d
Setiap dokter harus senantiasa mengingat
akan kewajiban melindungi hidup mahluk insani.
Pasal 8
Dalam melakukan pekerjaannya seorang
dokter harus memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat dan memperhatikan semua aspek
pelayanan kesehatan yang menyeluruh ( promotif, preventif, kuratif dan
rehabilitatif ), baik fisik maupun psiko-sosial, serta berusaha menjadi
pendidik dan pengabdi masyarakat yang sebenar benarnya.
Pasal 9
Setiap dokter dalam bekerja sama dengan
para pejabat dibidang kesehatan dan bidang lainnya serta masyarakat, harus
saling menghormati.
KEWAJIBAN
DOKTER TERHADAP PASIEN
Pasal 10
Setiap dokter wajib bersikap tulus
ikhlas dan mempergunakan segala ilmu dan ketrampilannya untuk kepentingan
pasien. Dalam hal ini ia tidak mampu melakukan suatu pemeriksaan atau
pengobatan, maka atas persetujuan pasien, ia wajib merujuk pasien kepada dokter
yang mempunyai keahlian dalam penyakit tersebut.
Pasal 11
Setiap dokter harus memberikan kesempatan
kepada pasien agar senantiasa dapat berhubungan dengan keluarga dan
penasehatnya dalam beribadat dan atau dalam masalah lainnya.
Pasal 12
Setiap dokter wajib merahasiakan segala
sesuatu yang diketahuinya tentang seorang pasien, bahkan juga setelah pasien
itu meninggal dunia.
Pasal 13
Setiap dokter wajib melakukan
pertolongan darurat sebagai suatu tugas perikemanusiaan, kecuali bila ia yakin
ada orang lain bersedia dan mampu memberikannya.
KEWAJIBAN
DOKTER TERHADAP TEMAN SEJAWAT
Pasal 14
Setiap dokter memperlakukan teman
sejawatnya sebagaimana ia sendiri ingin diperlakukan.
Pasal 15
Setiap dokter tidak boleh mengambil alih
pasien dari teman sejawat, kecuali dengan persetujuan atau berdasarkan prosedur
yang etis.
KEWAJIBAN
DOKTER TERHADAP DIRI SENDIRI
Pasal 16
Setiap dokter harus memelihara
kesehatannya, supaya dapat bekerja dengan baik.
Pasal 17
Setiap dokter harus senantiasa mengikuti
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan tehnologi kedokteran/kesehatan.
KELOMPOK:
Angga Ari Puspita 20211847
Asti Iga Purnomo 21211269
Atikah Putriyani 27211940
Dwi Haryanto 22211240
Emi Sari 22211428
Fajar Rahmana 22211643
Hanny Dharmawan 23211202
Indri Kusnita 23211618
Jonathan Gultom 23211861
Kadek Ari Supawan 23211895
M. Ridwan Setiawan 24211566
Nur Puji Winarsih 25211319
Parida Rachman 28211830
Regino Rahman Bustami 25211938
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